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Hungarian Academy of Sciences

Coordinates: 47°30′4″N 19°2′47″E / 47.50111°N 19.04639°E / 47.50111; 19.04639
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Hungarian Academy of Sciences
Magyar Tudományos Akadémia
AbbreviationMTA
Formation3 November 1825; 199 years ago (1825-11-03)[1]
TypeNational academy
HeadquartersBudapest, Hungary
Location
  • Budapest, Arany János u. 1, 1051 Hungary
Coordinates47°30′4″N 19°2′47″E / 47.50111°N 19.04639°E / 47.50111; 19.04639 Map
Region served
Hungary
Membership1,363[2] (2014)
President
Tamás Freund
Websitemta.hu/english/
Formerly called
Magyar Tudós Társaság

The Hungarian Academy of Sciences (Hungarian: Magyar Tudományos Akadémia [ˈmɒɟɒr ˈtudomaːɲoʃ ˈɒkɒdeːmijɒ], MTA) is Hungary’s foremost and most prestigious learned society. Its headquarters are located along the banks of the Danube in Budapest, between Széchenyi rakpart and Akadémia utca. The Academy's primary functions include the advancement of scientific knowledge, the dissemination of research findings, the support of research and development, and the representation of science in Hungary both domestically and around the world.

History

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The origins of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences date back to 1825, when Count István Széchenyi offered one year's income from his estate to establish a Learned Society. He made this offer during a session of the Diet in Pressburg (Pozsony, now Bratislava), then the seat of the Hungarian Parliament. Inspired by his gesture, other delegates soon followed suit. The Society’s mission was defined as the development of the Hungarian language and the promotion of sciences and the arts in the Hungarian language. It was officially named the Hungarian Academy of Sciences in 1845. The Academy's central building, designed in the Renaissance Revival architecture by architect Friedrich August Stüler, was inaugurated in 1865.

Sections

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László Lovász, the president of the academy till 2020. Previously he served as the president of International Mathematical Union.
Count István Széchenyi offers one year's income of his estate for the purposes of a learned society.

Within the Academy, scientific sections are organized according to individual disciplines or closely related fields. Each section monitors, promotes, and evaluates scientific activities within its domain. It provides expert opinions on scientific matters, science policy, and research organization. Additionally, the sections assess the work of the Academy’s research institutes, university departments, and other affiliated research units. They also play a key role in the process of awarding the Doctor of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (D.Sc.) degree, Hungary’s post-Ph.D. academic qualification.

Today, the Academy is composed of eleven main scientific sections: [3]

  1. Linguistics and Literary Scholarship
  2. Philosophy and Historical Sciences
  3. Mathematics
  4. Agricultural Sciences
  5. Medical Sciences
  6. Engineering Sciences
  7. Chemical Sciences
  8. Biological Sciences
  9. Economics and Law
  10. Earth Sciences
  11. Physical Sciences

Research institutes until 2019

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Presidents of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences

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Count József Teleki 17 November 1830 – 15 February 1855
Count Emil Dessewffy 17 April 1855 – 10 January 1866
Baron József Eötvös 18 March 1866 – 2 February 1871
Baron Menyhért Lónyay 17 May 1871 – 3 November 1884
Dr. Ágoston Trefort 28 May 1885 – 22 August 1888
Baron Loránd Eötvös 3 May 1889 – 5 October 1905
Albert Berzeviczy 27 November 1905 – 22 March 1936
Archduke Joseph Habsburg 22 March 1936 – October 1944
Gyula Kornis 7 March 1945 – 29 October 1945
Gyula Moór 29 October 1945 – 24 July 1946
Zoltán Kodály 24 July 1946 – 29 November 1949
István Rusznyák 29 November 1949 – 5 February 1970
Tibor Erdey-Grúz 5 February 1970 – 16 August 1976
János Szentágothai 26 October 1976 – 10 May 1985
Iván T. Berend 10 May 1985 – 24 May 1990
Domokos Kosáry 24 May 1990 – 9 May 1996
Ferenc Glatz 9 May 1996 – 4 May 2002
Szilveszter Vizi 5 May 2002 – 6 May 2008
József Pálinkás 6 May 2008 – 5 May 2014
László Lovász 6 May 2014 – 31 July 2020
Tamás Freund 1 August 2020 – present

Széchenyi Academy of Literature and Arts

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Main article: Széchenyi Academy of Literature and Arts

The Széchenyi Academy of Literature and Arts (Hungarian: Széchenyi Irodalmi és Művészeti Akadémia) was created in 1992 as an academy associated yet independent from the MTA. Some of the known members are György Konrád, Magda Szabó, Péter Nádas writers, Zoltán Kocsis pianist, Miklós Jancsó, István Szabó film directors. The last president was Károly Makk, film director, who succeeded László Dobszay (resigned on 20 April 2011[5]).

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "A Magyar Tudományos Akadémiáról" (in Hungarian). Hungarian Academy of Sciences. Archived from the original on 21 December 2010. Retrieved 24 February 2011.
  2. ^ "MTA – Members of MTA". Hungarian Academy of Sciences. Archived from the original on 8 June 2015. Retrieved 11 November 2014.
  3. ^ "Scientific Sections". Hungarian Academy of Sciences. Archived from the original on 3 November 2014. Retrieved 11 November 2014.
  4. ^ "MTA – Címlap – Angol – Cikkek – Angol". Hungarian Academy of Sciences. Archived from the original on 31 October 2014. Retrieved 11 November 2014.
  5. ^ Lemond a Széchenyi Irodalmi és Művészeti Akadémia két vezetője, MTI
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